Everything about Digital Radiography

Everything about Digital Radiography

by Sunday Joshua Akochi -
Number of replies: 113

What is digital radiography?

In reply to Sunday Joshua Akochi

Re: Everything about Digital Radiography

by Sunday Joshua Akochi -
Good morning to you all
In reply to Sunday Joshua Akochi

Re: Everything about Digital Radiography

by Sunday Joshua Akochi -
In this module there are about 7 components
I will take you on digital radiography and CT technology
Dr Odumeru will take you on MRI technology
Mrs Mukangendo M. will take you on fluoroscopy
Mr Remy B.W on Nuclear medicine, Radiotherapy and quality management
In reply to Sunday Joshua Akochi

Re: Everything about Digital Radiography

by BLAISE HERTIER IRASUBIZA -
Morning sir, we look forward on learning digital and ct technology with you although there are still some difficulties
In reply to BLAISE HERTIER IRASUBIZA

Re: Everything about Digital Radiography

by PLACIDE BIZIMANA -
Yes u are right!!! But we need to know all of that difficulties.
In reply to PLACIDE BIZIMANA

Re: Everything about Digital Radiography

by Sunday Joshua Akochi -
No problem Mr Placide, we will be addressing them sequentially and you are free to bring up anyone as they come to mind in the course of the discussion
In reply to PLACIDE BIZIMANA

Re: Everything about Digital Radiography

by NADINE NIYOGUSHIMWA -
Some of those difficulties is low connection,
In reply to NADINE NIYOGUSHIMWA

Re: Everything about Digital Radiography

by Sunday Joshua Akochi -
Noted at Nadine, we will talk about that now but we await comments on the disussions so far
In reply to BLAISE HERTIER IRASUBIZA

Re: Everything about Digital Radiography

by Sunday Joshua Akochi -
Thank you Mr Blaise, my pleasure. No problem after this brief interactions we will discuss on how to minimize those challenges for an optimal and effective learning outcome
In reply to Sunday Joshua Akochi

Re: Everything about Digital Radiography

by JEAN CLAUDE TUYIZERE -
Class still going on or finished ?
In reply to JEAN CLAUDE TUYIZERE

Re: Everything about Digital Radiography

by Sunday Joshua Akochi -
we are still in class @ Jeanclaude. waiting for your feedback for our quality assurance before going further.
In reply to Sunday Joshua Akochi

Re: Everything about Digital Radiography

by JEAN CLAUDE TUYIZERE -
Ok this system is still new for us but we hope as the time goes we will get it well
In reply to JEAN CLAUDE TUYIZERE

Re: Everything about Digital Radiography

by OLIVIER IRADUKUNDA -

For me digital radiography is production of visible image of parts being imaged using advanced equipments that process films on their own without technologist's interaction  

In reply to Sunday Joshua Akochi

Re: Everything about Digital Radiography

by Sunday Joshua Akochi -
This is a 15 credit module and will expose the learner to the technologies of the aforementioned modalities, each of the components will be assessed and an exam at the end of the course. where MCQ is given the lecturer may adopt a negative marking strategy: This implies that a correct choice earns the student +100 percent, wrong choices -100 percent while an unanswered question 0 percent
In reply to Sunday Joshua Akochi

Re: Everything about Digital Radiography

by Sunday Joshua Akochi -
the study guide has been given with resources, you are expected to consult all available resources for an indepth comprehension as these study materials are not exclusive to textbooks and online resources.

I wish you a memorable learning experience
In reply to Sunday Joshua Akochi

Re: Everything about Digital Radiography

by PLACIDE BIZIMANA -
DR is way of recording latent image electronically.. It way of eliminating way of traditional, where darkroom is needed.. In DR it uses digitizer for processing..
In reply to PLACIDE BIZIMANA

Re: Everything about Digital Radiography

by Sunday Joshua Akochi -
You are right but we also have a direct digital system where there is no digitizer involved
In reply to Sunday Joshua Akochi

Re: Everything about Digital Radiography

by PLACIDE BIZIMANA -

Digital radiography is the process of recording the latent image in electronic form.. Here instead of need darkroom for processing u use digitizer.

In reply to PLACIDE BIZIMANA

Re: Everything about Digital Radiography

by Sunday Joshua Akochi -
Thats interesting @ Placide
In reply to Sunday Joshua Akochi

Re: Everything about Digital Radiography

by Sunday Joshua Akochi -
This images are recorded in electronic devices instead of silver halides as in films.
There has been an evolution of this techmology to achieve a compromise between image quality and radiation dose
In reply to Sunday Joshua Akochi

Re: Everything about Digital Radiography

by Sunday Joshua Akochi -
What is the advantage of this technology?
- here we do not need darkroom, with its awkward working in the dark, chemical fumes and stains with lower manuevarability
-This will reduce cost of consumables like films, chemicals
-It will be faster and reduce waiting time
-storage space is reduced, we dont need a filing room with film jackets
-This image can be transfered to anywhere for reporting, patient management, a second opinion with ease and supporting technology
In reply to Sunday Joshua Akochi

Re: Everything about Digital Radiography

by Sunday Joshua Akochi -
Similarly, another advantage of D.R is that it can reduce insidence of film loss,lower radiation dose, post processing opportunities
In reply to Sunday Joshua Akochi

Re: Everything about Digital Radiography

by Sunday Joshua Akochi -
What is the advantage of the technology?
- Firstly is the initial cost, however, after proper installation with good quality assurance this becomes cheaper over time when compared to darkroom system
-Radiation risks: Because there a wide film/exposure latitude compared to film screen system the radiographer would inadvertently over expose the patient and what would have been a gain becomes a loss.
In reply to Sunday Joshua Akochi

Re: Everything about Digital Radiography

by BLAISE HERTIER IRASUBIZA -
How does this minimize the radiation dose, is it when doing an x ray exam or it is due to avoiding repetition of the exam
In reply to BLAISE HERTIER IRASUBIZA

Re: Everything about Digital Radiography

by NADINE NIYOGUSHIMWA -
I think it reduces the radiation doses because we use low factors
In reply to BLAISE HERTIER IRASUBIZA

Re: Everything about Digital Radiography

by Sunday Joshua Akochi -
Good question Mr. Blaise. It is both: The image receptor is very sensitive to radiation and so can respond to minimal exposures that is optimal enough to produce the image, and where postprocecessing is possible with suboptimal exposures there wont be need for a repeat. So repeat is reduced and low exposure factors adopted. However as stated, because of its wide exposure latitude radiographers would possibly over expose at the expense of the patient still with optimal image which often blinds them to the reality.
In reply to Sunday Joshua Akochi

Re: Everything about Digital Radiography

by BLAISE HERTIER IRASUBIZA -
So when we are using D.R we have to reduce the exposure factors compared to those we used before?
In reply to BLAISE HERTIER IRASUBIZA

Re: Everything about Digital Radiography

by Sunday Joshua Akochi -
@Blaise Yes
but because the DR has a wide exposure latitude a radiographer would over expose and still not have a bad film as in film screen system
In reply to Sunday Joshua Akochi

Re: Everything about Digital Radiography

by YVETTE MUTUYIMANA -

Does D.R use a detector as an image receptor ???

In reply to YVETTE MUTUYIMANA

Re: Everything about Digital Radiography

by JEAN CLAUDE TUYIZERE -
Yes , detector used in digital radiography instead of cassettes
In reply to JEAN CLAUDE TUYIZERE

Re: Everything about Digital Radiography

by Sunday Joshua Akochi -
@JC nice. we could often call it cassette to but as photostimulable cassette to differentiate them from film screen system
In reply to Sunday Joshua Akochi

Re: Everything about Digital Radiography

by OLIVIER IRADUKUNDA -
What does postprocessing mean?
In reply to OLIVIER IRADUKUNDA

Re: Everything about Digital Radiography

by Sunday Joshua Akochi -
Post processing are the programmes you can use to adjust the quality of the image. It could be to change brightness, create a negative image where air looks white and bones black, do subtraction etc

The processing is what the computed does in converting photons into electrical signals and images

Hope this is clear
In reply to BLAISE HERTIER IRASUBIZA

Re: Everything about Digital Radiography

by JEAN CLAUDE TUYIZERE -
For me i think it reduces doses to patient, technologist and also public because you use low exposure factors and after you adjust contrast to produce diagnostic images
In reply to Sunday Joshua Akochi

Re: Everything about Digital Radiography

by EMMANUEL SINGAYE -
Received sir but are direct and indirect both the kind of DR if so what are the difference
In reply to EMMANUEL SINGAYE

Re: Everything about Digital Radiography

by Sunday Joshua Akochi -
in indirect, you expose the plate and take them for reading as discussed below while in the direct, it is just as you use the camera of your phone, you snap and you see the image immediately. This type of machine is in the private clinic along Rwamagana road, will tell u the name if i remember
In reply to Sunday Joshua Akochi

Re: Everything about Digital Radiography

by BLAISE HERTIER IRASUBIZA -
Recording an image on an electronically readable devices
In reply to BLAISE HERTIER IRASUBIZA

Re: Everything about Digital Radiography

by NADINE NIYOGUSHIMWA -
Morning!
Digital radiography is the use of electronic devices in recording the image, no use of chemicals!
In reply to BLAISE HERTIER IRASUBIZA

Re: Everything about Digital Radiography

by Sunday Joshua Akochi -
Beautiful @ Blaise
In reply to Sunday Joshua Akochi

Re: Everything about Digital Radiography

by Sunday Joshua Akochi -
This digital Radiography (D.R) is divided into two:
1. indirect D.R also known as computed radiography or cassette based D. radiography

2. Direct digital also known as cassetteless D.R
In reply to Sunday Joshua Akochi

Re: Everything about Digital Radiography

by Sunday Joshua Akochi -
So lets have a look at the first: indirect DR or cassette based DR
In reply to Sunday Joshua Akochi

Re: Everything about Digital Radiography

by Sunday Joshua Akochi -
This can be used with any x-ray machine. the same machine used with darkroom can continue with this if we remove darkroom or leave it for a back up. the is called computed Radiography.

This term is different from computed tomography
In reply to Sunday Joshua Akochi

Re: Everything about Digital Radiography

by Sunday Joshua Akochi -
It uses a photostimulable plate looking like the conventionl film screen cassette but with a different technology
In reply to Sunday Joshua Akochi

Re: Everything about Digital Radiography

by Sunday Joshua Akochi -
It has the digitizer, the ID terminal (in some techologies the ID terminal is not a separate component but incoporated in the digitizer, you have the computer with its accessories like CPU, monitor). Some may have printer if there is no PACS (picture archiving and communication system) or as a requirement in case hardcopy images are needed
In reply to Sunday Joshua Akochi

Re: Everything about Digital Radiography

by Sunday Joshua Akochi -
With the printers if compartible can be centralized meaning if you have Computed tomography, CR (one or two for different x-ray room in the department) it is possible for one printer to serve all is theres compartibility
In reply to Sunday Joshua Akochi

Re: Everything about Digital Radiography

by Sunday Joshua Akochi -
If you have visited CHUK, Muhima, King faisal, CHUB etc they use computed radiography also known as indirect digital Radiography or cassette based DR
In reply to Sunday Joshua Akochi

Re: Everything about Digital Radiography

by Sunday Joshua Akochi -
On the other hand the direct or cassetteless DR does not have a cassette, the image detector is incoporated on the Bulky.

Unlike CR where you expose , take the cassette to the digitizer to read, in DDR as soon as you expose in fractions of seconds the image appears on the monitor for processing, sending, printing etc
In reply to Sunday Joshua Akochi

Re: Everything about Digital Radiography

by Sunday Joshua Akochi -
The direct DR has two modes of image acquisition called Direct acquisition and indirect acquisition. This should not be confused with TYPES of D.R
In reply to Sunday Joshua Akochi

Re: Everything about Digital Radiography

by YVETTE MUTUYIMANA -

What is the difference between those acquisitions ???


In reply to YVETTE MUTUYIMANA

Re: Everything about Digital Radiography

by Sunday Joshua Akochi -
@ Yvette. the direct has no scintillator as an interface while the indirect has.
In reply to Sunday Joshua Akochi

Re: Everything about Digital Radiography

by Sunday Joshua Akochi -
In DDR Direct acquisition means that on exposure, the x-ray signals are directly converted to electrical signals as the hit the detector while in indirect acqusition the the xray hits a scintillator which converts the x-ray into light. This light is picked by photodetectors and amplified and then converts them to electronic signals.

so in summary, DDR systems has no scintllators
In reply to Sunday Joshua Akochi

Re: Everything about Digital Radiography

by Sunday Joshua Akochi -
Another unique difference between the modes of image acquisition in DDR is that in indirect image acquisition systems the sensor material is made of amorphous silicon while in direct acquisition it is made of amorphous selenium----------------take note
In reply to Sunday Joshua Akochi

Re: Everything about Digital Radiography

by Sunday Joshua Akochi -
The indirect system may utilize TFT (Thin film transistors ) or a charge coupled device
In reply to Sunday Joshua Akochi

Re: Everything about Digital Radiography

by Sunday Joshua Akochi -
This has given a brief summary of the technology of Digital Radiography.

Before we schedule further indepth discussions i wold want to get a feedback from everyone in the class on what we have discussed so that we will know if we understood that brief summary and then what we can do better.

We have about 15 minutes at an average to do this
Thank you
In reply to Sunday Joshua Akochi

Re: Everything about Digital Radiography

by BLAISE HERTIER IRASUBIZA -
On my side i think it was good to learn again but i don't know when to get time to ask questions or to answer because when we all reply at the same time or ask at the same time it brings chaos in the discussion. thanks
In reply to BLAISE HERTIER IRASUBIZA

Re: Everything about Digital Radiography

by Sunday Joshua Akochi -
@Blaise, we can flow with our questions and i will answer as i receive them. Even after the class you can still drop your questions and i will address it whenever i visit the site. You are supposed to be more active than the lecturer here. If we manage our network well and i am sure everyone is in class i can leave the floor for you and learn from you as each of you share your views.

Thank you
In reply to Sunday Joshua Akochi

Re: Everything about Digital Radiography

by BLAISE HERTIER IRASUBIZA -
So we have to wait until you finish sharing what you prepared for us and then ask after?
In reply to Sunday Joshua Akochi

Re: Everything about Digital Radiography

by OLIVIER IRADUKUNDA -
But lecturer at muhima they didn't use cassette at the time we were there. So what does this imply to say that it is cassette based DR?
In reply to Sunday Joshua Akochi

Re: Everything about Digital Radiography

by BLAISE HERTIER IRASUBIZA -
How does PACS works? how can it be used instead of using printer
In reply to BLAISE HERTIER IRASUBIZA

Re: Everything about Digital Radiography

by Sunday Joshua Akochi -
@Blaise. we will still discuss that topic PACS and teleradiology. It is like a network where you can share information with those who are connected through a server.

Yes, it can and better and more efficient in that within one hospital you can send the film for reporting, to th referring physiciaor a collegue for review even while the patient is still n the department and no need for hardcopy images and spending on films
In reply to Sunday Joshua Akochi

Re: Everything about Digital Radiography

by PLACIDE BIZIMANA -
Ok good, me I understand.. So am going to try to differentiate that two types and I need ur correction at me... Computed radiography is way of using cassette to hold an image, then put it in digitizer, then digitizer take an image plate then process and after image recorded on computer.. WhileDirect radiography is way of exposing the patient and immediately see the image at the monitor, means no need of cassette!! Am I right?
In reply to Sunday Joshua Akochi

Re: Everything about Digital Radiography

by NADINE NIYOGUSHIMWA -
Then teacher, as we know that in manual or automatic processing we use film to record Image and processing the image to get visible image. So in indirect digital what do we use as a film to get latent image if I can say?
In reply to NADINE NIYOGUSHIMWA

Re: Everything about Digital Radiography

by Sunday Joshua Akochi -
@Nadine thats good question
In indirect we use cassette this cassette holds the photostimulabe plate which when exposed gets excited just like a fluorescent material. This change in energy levels and trapped electrons irrespective of the lossess contains the latent image.

When we take it to digitizer, the digitizer usese a laser beam to scan it and the scanning leads to liberation of blue lighs which is dependent on the intensity of radiation absorbed and the intensity of the laser beam

This light is picked and amplified by the PMTs (photomutiplier tubes) and converts it into an electrical signal which is processed via an algorithm and the DAC (digital to analogue converter ) converts this into a visible image
In reply to NADINE NIYOGUSHIMWA

Re: Everything about Digital Radiography

by OLIVIER IRADUKUNDA -
I think in indirect the image receptors are designed in the way that they immediately process information they got like the way brain process
In reply to OLIVIER IRADUKUNDA

Re: Everything about Digital Radiography

by Sunday Joshua Akochi -
@Oliver, no, you expose and then take to the reader for processing. it is in the direct DR that this process will rather occurr
In reply to NADINE NIYOGUSHIMWA

Re: Everything about Digital Radiography

by JEAN CLAUDE TUYIZERE -
Does there on indirect latent image produced? Films are pucked in printer as cassette inserted in digitizer it read it then systematically digitizer open cassette remove that plate read it image seen on monitor then u print image comes out on film
In reply to Sunday Joshua Akochi

Re: Everything about Digital Radiography

by JEAN CLAUDE TUYIZERE -

Hey. Digital radiography is one of technology used for recording latent images without the need of darkroom or darkroom may be needed for the purpose of backup.

Digital radiography should be direct or indirect,  where cassette used and where image seen on the screen 

In reply to JEAN CLAUDE TUYIZERE

Re: Everything about Digital Radiography

by EMMANUEL SINGAYE -
Guys I get confuses are the discussions in progress or just offline already
In reply to EMMANUEL SINGAYE

Re: Everything about Digital Radiography

by Sunday Joshua Akochi -
I am here @ Emmanuel until the class responds to my last message. Thank you
In reply to JEAN CLAUDE TUYIZERE

Re: Everything about Digital Radiography

by Sunday Joshua Akochi -
Thats a good summary @ Jeanclaude
In reply to Sunday Joshua Akochi

Re: Everything about Digital Radiography

by Sunday Joshua Akochi -
This is an amazing interactions so far
on the issues of network or connection we may not have control over it and we can tell when we would be assured of that because even at the campus we would atimes witness failure, so we can continue to forge ahead and when we have some obvious challenges we can decide what intervention shoud be done.
In reply to Sunday Joshua Akochi

Re: Everything about Digital Radiography

by Sunday Joshua Akochi -
Please, subsequently, we can discuss more in detail the various types and operational principles.

Please, do you want us to continue today or leave it till tomorrow?
In reply to Sunday Joshua Akochi

Re: Everything about Digital Radiography

by BLAISE HERTIER IRASUBIZA -
on my side i think today was a test to see how things are done maybe tomorrow we will come back in a good shape
In reply to JEAN CLAUDE TUYIZERE

Re: Everything about Digital Radiography

by JEAN CLAUDE TUYIZERE -
Sorry its not latent because no need of chemicals like in manual and outomatic processors
In reply to JEAN CLAUDE TUYIZERE

Re: Everything about Digital Radiography

by Sunday Joshua Akochi -
@ Jean claude
It is also referred to as latent image when we use the photostimulable plate because the image is not visible to the eyes. Latent implies it is hidden but doesnt chanage the fact that it is there.
In reply to Sunday Joshua Akochi

Re: Everything about Digital Radiography

by Sunday Joshua Akochi -
Legacy clinic uses direct DR
In reply to Sunday Joshua Akochi

Re: Everything about Digital Radiography

by Sunday Joshua Akochi -
Please do we continue or leave it till tommorrow as you go to read the materials
In reply to Sunday Joshua Akochi

Re: Everything about Digital Radiography

by BLAISE HERTIER IRASUBIZA -
leave it till tomorrow on my side
In reply to BLAISE HERTIER IRASUBIZA

Re: Everything about Digital Radiography

by Sunday Joshua Akochi -
In reply to Sunday Joshua Akochi

Re: Everything about Digital Radiography

by Sunday Joshua Akochi -
Dear all,
I am pleased to appreciate you all for the amazing participation and making the platform interactive for our use.
Please, kindly access the materials, read it and let us meet tomorrow for another session
Thank you