What is digital radiography?
Good morning to you all
In this module there are about 7 components
I will take you on digital radiography and CT technology
Dr Odumeru will take you on MRI technology
Mrs Mukangendo M. will take you on fluoroscopy
Mr Remy B.W on Nuclear medicine, Radiotherapy and quality management
I will take you on digital radiography and CT technology
Dr Odumeru will take you on MRI technology
Mrs Mukangendo M. will take you on fluoroscopy
Mr Remy B.W on Nuclear medicine, Radiotherapy and quality management
In reply to Sunday Joshua Akochi
Re: Everything about Digital Radiography
Morning sir, we look forward on learning digital and ct technology with you although there are still some difficulties
Yes u are right!!! But we need to know all of that difficulties.
No problem Mr Placide, we will be addressing them sequentially and you are free to bring up anyone as they come to mind in the course of the discussion
Yes..
Some of those difficulties is low connection,
Guys problem of being connected all together
Noted at Nadine, we will talk about that now but we await comments on the disussions so far
In reply to BLAISE HERTIER IRASUBIZA
Re: Everything about Digital Radiography
by Sunday Joshua Akochi -
Thank you Mr Blaise, my pleasure. No problem after this brief interactions we will discuss on how to minimize those challenges for an optimal and effective learning outcome
Class still going on or finished ?
we are still in class @ Jeanclaude. waiting for your feedback for our quality assurance before going further.
Ok this system is still new for us but we hope as the time goes we will get it well
For me digital radiography is production of visible image of parts being imaged using advanced equipments that process films on their own without technologist's interaction Â
@ Olivier thats good
@JC you are right
This is a 15 credit module and will expose the learner to the technologies of the aforementioned modalities, each of the components will be assessed and an exam at the end of the course. where MCQ is given the lecturer may adopt a negative marking strategy: This implies that a correct choice earns the student +100 percent, wrong choices -100 percent while an unanswered question 0 percent
the study guide has been given with resources, you are expected to consult all available resources for an indepth comprehension as these study materials are not exclusive to textbooks and online resources.
I wish you a memorable learning experience
I wish you a memorable learning experience
DR is way of recording latent image electronically.. It way of eliminating way of traditional, where darkroom is needed.. In DR it uses digitizer for processing..
You are right but we also have a direct digital system where there is no digitizer involved
OK well received sir.
We glad to have your cooperation sir
My pleasure Emmanuel my friend
Digital radiography is the process of recording the latent image in electronic form.. Here instead of need darkroom for processing u use digitizer.
Thats interesting @ Placide
This images are recorded in electronic devices instead of silver halides as in films.
There has been an evolution of this techmology to achieve a compromise between image quality and radiation dose
There has been an evolution of this techmology to achieve a compromise between image quality and radiation dose
What is the advantage of this technology?
- here we do not need darkroom, with its awkward working in the dark, chemical fumes and stains with lower manuevarability
-This will reduce cost of consumables like films, chemicals
-It will be faster and reduce waiting time
-storage space is reduced, we dont need a filing room with film jackets
-This image can be transfered to anywhere for reporting, patient management, a second opinion with ease and supporting technology
- here we do not need darkroom, with its awkward working in the dark, chemical fumes and stains with lower manuevarability
-This will reduce cost of consumables like films, chemicals
-It will be faster and reduce waiting time
-storage space is reduced, we dont need a filing room with film jackets
-This image can be transfered to anywhere for reporting, patient management, a second opinion with ease and supporting technology
Similarly, another advantage of D.R is that it can reduce insidence of film loss,lower radiation dose, post processing opportunities
What is the advantage of the technology?
- Firstly is the initial cost, however, after proper installation with good quality assurance this becomes cheaper over time when compared to darkroom system
-Radiation risks: Because there a wide film/exposure latitude compared to film screen system the radiographer would inadvertently over expose the patient and what would have been a gain becomes a loss.
- Firstly is the initial cost, however, after proper installation with good quality assurance this becomes cheaper over time when compared to darkroom system
-Radiation risks: Because there a wide film/exposure latitude compared to film screen system the radiographer would inadvertently over expose the patient and what would have been a gain becomes a loss.
Okay ,understood sirÂ
All right Yvette
In reply to Sunday Joshua Akochi
Re: Everything about Digital Radiography
How does this minimize the radiation dose, is it when doing an x ray exam or it is due to avoiding repetition of the exam
In reply to BLAISE HERTIER IRASUBIZA
Re: Everything about Digital Radiography
by NADINE NIYOGUSHIMWA -
I think it reduces the radiation doses because we use low factors
In reply to NADINE NIYOGUSHIMWA
Re: Everything about Digital Radiography
Can this generate us a good image on the readable devices?
In reply to BLAISE HERTIER IRASUBIZA
Re: Everything about Digital Radiography
by Sunday Joshua Akochi -
@Blaise for sure except if the exposure factor is irredeemably suboptimal
You are right @ Nadine , one cup of Amata meza for you
@Nadine Good
In reply to BLAISE HERTIER IRASUBIZA
Re: Everything about Digital Radiography
by Sunday Joshua Akochi -
Good question Mr. Blaise. It is both: The image receptor is very sensitive to radiation and so can respond to minimal exposures that is optimal enough to produce the image, and where postprocecessing is possible with suboptimal exposures there wont be need for a repeat. So repeat is reduced and low exposure factors adopted. However as stated, because of its wide exposure latitude radiographers would possibly over expose at the expense of the patient still with optimal image which often blinds them to the reality.
In reply to Sunday Joshua Akochi
Re: Everything about Digital Radiography
So when we are using D.R we have to reduce the exposure factors compared to those we used before?
In reply to BLAISE HERTIER IRASUBIZA
Re: Everything about Digital Radiography
by JEAN CLAUDE TUYIZERE -
Yes of course because you can give patient low doses and after you adjust contrast
Nice one at JC. one sweet for you
In reply to BLAISE HERTIER IRASUBIZA
Re: Everything about Digital Radiography
by Sunday Joshua Akochi -
@Blaise Yes
but because the DR has a wide exposure latitude a radiographer would over expose and still not have a bad film as in film screen system
but because the DR has a wide exposure latitude a radiographer would over expose and still not have a bad film as in film screen system
Does D.R use a detector as an image receptor ???
Yes , detector used in digital radiography instead of cassettes
@JC nice. we could often call it cassette to but as photostimulable cassette to differentiate them from film screen system
@Yvette, yes, all the receptors are referred to as image detector
What does postprocessing mean?
Post processing are the programmes you can use to adjust the quality of the image. It could be to change brightness, create a negative image where air looks white and bones black, do subtraction etc
The processing is what the computed does in converting photons into electrical signals and images
Hope this is clear
The processing is what the computed does in converting photons into electrical signals and images
Hope this is clear
Very clear
In reply to BLAISE HERTIER IRASUBIZA
Re: Everything about Digital Radiography
by JEAN CLAUDE TUYIZERE -
For me i think it reduces doses to patient, technologist and also public because you use low exposure factors and after you adjust contrast to produce diagnostic images
@ JC perfect
Received sir but are direct and indirect both the kind of DR if so what are the difference
in indirect, you expose the plate and take them for reading as discussed below while in the direct, it is just as you use the camera of your phone, you snap and you see the image immediately. This type of machine is in the private clinic along Rwamagana road, will tell u the name if i remember
In reply to Sunday Joshua Akochi
Re: Everything about Digital Radiography
Recording an image on an electronically readable devices
In reply to BLAISE HERTIER IRASUBIZA
Re: Everything about Digital Radiography
by NADINE NIYOGUSHIMWA -
Morning!
Digital radiography is the use of electronic devices in recording the image, no use of chemicals!
Digital radiography is the use of electronic devices in recording the image, no use of chemicals!
Awesome definition @ Nadine
In reply to BLAISE HERTIER IRASUBIZA
Re: Everything about Digital Radiography
by Sunday Joshua Akochi -
Beautiful @ Blaise
This digital Radiography (D.R) is divided into two:
1. indirect D.R also known as computed radiography or cassette based D. radiography
2. Direct digital also known as cassetteless D.R
1. indirect D.R also known as computed radiography or cassette based D. radiography
2. Direct digital also known as cassetteless D.R
So lets have a look at the first: indirect DR or cassette based DR
This can be used with any x-ray machine. the same machine used with darkroom can continue with this if we remove darkroom or leave it for a back up. the is called computed Radiography.
This term is different from computed tomography
This term is different from computed tomography
It uses a photostimulable plate looking like the conventionl film screen cassette but with a different technology
It has the digitizer, the ID terminal (in some techologies the ID terminal is not a separate component but incoporated in the digitizer, you have the computer with its accessories like CPU, monitor). Some may have printer if there is no PACS (picture archiving and communication system) or as a requirement in case hardcopy images are needed
With the printers if compartible can be centralized meaning if you have Computed tomography, CR (one or two for different x-ray room in the department) it is possible for one printer to serve all is theres compartibility
If you have visited CHUK, Muhima, King faisal, CHUB etc they use computed radiography also known as indirect digital Radiography or cassette based DR
On the other hand the direct or cassetteless DR does not have a cassette, the image detector is incoporated on the Bulky.
Unlike CR where you expose , take the cassette to the digitizer to read, in DDR as soon as you expose in fractions of seconds the image appears on the monitor for processing, sending, printing etc
Unlike CR where you expose , take the cassette to the digitizer to read, in DDR as soon as you expose in fractions of seconds the image appears on the monitor for processing, sending, printing etc
The direct DR has two modes of image acquisition called Direct acquisition and indirect acquisition. This should not be confused with TYPES of D.R
What is the difference between those acquisitions ???
@ Yvette. the direct has no scintillator as an interface while the indirect has.
In DDR Direct acquisition means that on exposure, the x-ray signals are directly converted to electrical signals as the hit the detector while in indirect acqusition the the xray hits a scintillator which converts the x-ray into light. This light is picked by photodetectors and amplified and then converts them to electronic signals.
so in summary, DDR systems has no scintllators
so in summary, DDR systems has no scintllators
Another unique difference between the modes of image acquisition in DDR is that in indirect image acquisition systems the sensor material is made of amorphous silicon while in direct acquisition it is made of amorphous selenium----------------take note
The indirect system may utilize TFT (Thin film transistors ) or a charge coupled device
This has given a brief summary of the technology of Digital Radiography.
Before we schedule further indepth discussions i wold want to get a feedback from everyone in the class on what we have discussed so that we will know if we understood that brief summary and then what we can do better.
We have about 15 minutes at an average to do this
Thank you
Before we schedule further indepth discussions i wold want to get a feedback from everyone in the class on what we have discussed so that we will know if we understood that brief summary and then what we can do better.
We have about 15 minutes at an average to do this
Thank you
In reply to Sunday Joshua Akochi
Re: Everything about Digital Radiography
On my side i think it was good to learn again but i don't know when to get time to ask questions or to answer because when we all reply at the same time or ask at the same time it brings chaos in the discussion. thanks
In reply to BLAISE HERTIER IRASUBIZA
Re: Everything about Digital Radiography
by Sunday Joshua Akochi -
@Blaise, we can flow with our questions and i will answer as i receive them. Even after the class you can still drop your questions and i will address it whenever i visit the site. You are supposed to be more active than the lecturer here. If we manage our network well and i am sure everyone is in class i can leave the floor for you and learn from you as each of you share your views.
Thank you
Thank you
In reply to Sunday Joshua Akochi
Re: Everything about Digital Radiography
So we have to wait until you finish sharing what you prepared for us and then ask after?
Well understood sir ThanksÂ
Thanks @ Yvette
But lecturer at muhima they didn't use cassette at the time we were there. So what does this imply to say that it is cassette based DR?
In reply to Sunday Joshua Akochi
Re: Everything about Digital Radiography
How does PACS works? how can it be used instead of using printer
In reply to BLAISE HERTIER IRASUBIZA
Re: Everything about Digital Radiography
by Sunday Joshua Akochi -
@Blaise. we will still discuss that topic PACS and teleradiology. It is like a network where you can share information with those who are connected through a server.
Yes, it can and better and more efficient in that within one hospital you can send the film for reporting, to th referring physiciaor a collegue for review even while the patient is still n the department and no need for hardcopy images and spending on films
Yes, it can and better and more efficient in that within one hospital you can send the film for reporting, to th referring physiciaor a collegue for review even while the patient is still n the department and no need for hardcopy images and spending on films
In reply to Sunday Joshua Akochi
Re: Everything about Digital Radiography
Thank you sir, well understood
Same as the one abbreviated as CR gotten right
Is that we expose the plate and image seen on screen ?
Ok good, me I understand.. So am going to try to differentiate that two types and I need ur correction at me... Computed radiography is way of using cassette to hold an image, then put it in digitizer, then digitizer take an image plate then process and after image recorded on computer.. WhileDirect radiography is way of exposing the patient and immediately see the image at the monitor, means no need of cassette!! Am I right?
@ Placide you are perfectly right.
Thank you
Thank you
For me u are right
Then teacher, as we know that in manual or automatic processing we use film to record Image and processing the image to get visible image. So in indirect digital what do we use as a film to get latent image if I can say?
@Nadine thats good question
In indirect we use cassette this cassette holds the photostimulabe plate which when exposed gets excited just like a fluorescent material. This change in energy levels and trapped electrons irrespective of the lossess contains the latent image.
When we take it to digitizer, the digitizer usese a laser beam to scan it and the scanning leads to liberation of blue lighs which is dependent on the intensity of radiation absorbed and the intensity of the laser beam
This light is picked and amplified by the PMTs (photomutiplier tubes) and converts it into an electrical signal which is processed via an algorithm and the DAC (digital to analogue converter ) converts this into a visible image
In indirect we use cassette this cassette holds the photostimulabe plate which when exposed gets excited just like a fluorescent material. This change in energy levels and trapped electrons irrespective of the lossess contains the latent image.
When we take it to digitizer, the digitizer usese a laser beam to scan it and the scanning leads to liberation of blue lighs which is dependent on the intensity of radiation absorbed and the intensity of the laser beam
This light is picked and amplified by the PMTs (photomutiplier tubes) and converts it into an electrical signal which is processed via an algorithm and the DAC (digital to analogue converter ) converts this into a visible image
I think in indirect the image receptors are designed in the way that they immediately process information they got like the way brain process
@Oliver, no, you expose and then take to the reader for processing. it is in the direct DR that this process will rather occurr
Does there on indirect latent image produced? Films are pucked in printer as cassette inserted in digitizer it read it then systematically digitizer open cassette remove that plate read it image seen on monitor then u print image comes out on film
Okay
Now I understand very well
In reply to BLAISE HERTIER IRASUBIZA
Re: Everything about Digital Radiography
by Sunday Joshua Akochi -
@Blaise Awesome
Hey. Digital radiography is one of technology used for recording latent images without the need of darkroom or darkroom may be needed for the purpose of backup.
Digital radiography should be direct or indirect, where cassette used and where image seen on the screenÂ
Guys I get confuses are the discussions in progress or just offline already
Guys let finish discussion we will continue later
Noted@ JC
I am here @ Emmanuel until the class responds to my last message. Thank you
Thats a good summary @ Jeanclaude
This is an amazing interactions so far
on the issues of network or connection we may not have control over it and we can tell when we would be assured of that because even at the campus we would atimes witness failure, so we can continue to forge ahead and when we have some obvious challenges we can decide what intervention shoud be done.
on the issues of network or connection we may not have control over it and we can tell when we would be assured of that because even at the campus we would atimes witness failure, so we can continue to forge ahead and when we have some obvious challenges we can decide what intervention shoud be done.
Please, subsequently, we can discuss more in detail the various types and operational principles.
Please, do you want us to continue today or leave it till tomorrow?
Please, do you want us to continue today or leave it till tomorrow?
In reply to Sunday Joshua Akochi
Re: Everything about Digital Radiography
on my side i think today was a test to see how things are done maybe tomorrow we will come back in a good shape
In reply to BLAISE HERTIER IRASUBIZA
Re: Everything about Digital Radiography
by Sunday Joshua Akochi -
@ Blaise, great insight. Is okay
Simple and clean
Tahnks@ Olivier
Sorry its not latent because no need of chemicals like in manual and outomatic processors
@ Jean claude
It is also referred to as latent image when we use the photostimulable plate because the image is not visible to the eyes. Latent implies it is hidden but doesnt chanage the fact that it is there.
It is also referred to as latent image when we use the photostimulable plate because the image is not visible to the eyes. Latent implies it is hidden but doesnt chanage the fact that it is there.
Legacy clinic uses direct DR
Please do we continue or leave it till tommorrow as you go to read the materials
In reply to Sunday Joshua Akochi
Re: Everything about Digital Radiography
leave it till tomorrow on my side
In reply to BLAISE HERTIER IRASUBIZA
Re: Everything about Digital Radiography
by Sunday Joshua Akochi -
OKay @ Blaise
Dear all,
I am pleased to appreciate you all for the amazing participation and making the platform interactive for our use.
Please, kindly access the materials, read it and let us meet tomorrow for another session
Thank you
I am pleased to appreciate you all for the amazing participation and making the platform interactive for our use.
Please, kindly access the materials, read it and let us meet tomorrow for another session
Thank you