Semester 1

1. Module Code: OC8553
2. Module Tittle: OPHTHALMIC EMERGENCIES
3. Level: III                      SEMESTER: I                                 Credits: 10
4. Pre-requisite modules: Ophthalmic Clinical Skills & Nursing Procedures, Common ocular disorders I
6. Aims of the module: 
This module aims to equip student with introductory clinical work designed for application of technical skills and management of ocular emergencies with emphasis on developing the knowledge base of the student on how such emergencies might occur and allow them to review current evidence-based practice to achieve the best possible outcome.
7. Indicative content:
Module unit: Ocular Emergencies:
Presentation diagnoses and management of 
Traumatic Emergencies
Non traumatic Emegencies
Inflammatory and Infectious Emergencies
Causes of Sudden loss of vision
Periorbital infections 
Cavernous sinus thromboses
Causes of Sudden Diplopia
Acute III Nerve palsy with pupil involvement

FACILITATORS:
1. TWIRINGIYIMANA Francois Regis
2. IRADUKUNDA Jean Paul
3. UWINEZA Florence

1. Course Aim

This module aims to equip the student with a more clinical approach in diagnosis and management of refractive errors and how to correct refractive error problems using corrective lenses dispensed from the optical laboratory.

2. Learning Outcomes

·       Recognize refractive errors: hyperopia, myopia, astigmatism and presbyopia effectively.

·       Explain the difference between subjective and objective refractometry.

·       Explain principles of objective refraction with regard to non-cycloplegic and cycloplegic refraction.

·       Explain the principles and operation of the retinoscope.

·       Explain the principles of the duochrome test.

·       Explain the principles and operation of lensometry.

·       Explain the need for +1.00 test / binocular balancing.

·       Recognize different lens materials and their occupational benefits.

·       Demonstrate skills in autorefractor use, retinoscopy and prescribing spectacle correction.

·       Demonstrate skills during cycloplegic refraction.

·       Examine near add and multifocal lenses and assess refractive errors through history and physical examination.

·       Demonstrate skills in Jackson's Cross Cylinder (JCC).

·       Demonstrate optical lens neutralization by hand and lensometry and identify optical centre.

·       Process sphere and cylinder using phoropter or trial lenses in +/- cylinder.

·       Use fogging, duochrome and binocular balance techniques.

·       Demonstrate skills in the optical laboratory.

·       Perform objective and subjective refraction confidently with effective communication and precision.

3. Indicative Course Content

·       Module Unit 1 – Refractive Errors Management.

·       Recap on principles of objective and subjective refraction.

·       Optical management of refractive errors and presbyopia.

·       Identification, measurement and prescription of multifocal lenses.

·       Duochrome, +1 blur test and binocular balance.

·       Advanced lensometry (focimetry).

·       Advanced techniques of retinoscopy and subjective refraction procedures.

·       Advanced use of refraction aids, including Jackson Cross Cylinder.

·       Overview of contact lenses.

·       Module Unit 2 – Dispensing Optics.

·       Basics of dispensing; spectacle frames; frame measurements; frame selection.

·       Lens selection; facial measurement; lenses and processing.

·       Characteristics of lenses and lens materials; current materials.

·       Lens types; introduction of multifocal lenses.

·       Absorptive lenses; impact-resistant lenses; lenses for special uses.

·       Lens surfacing and quality.