Section outline

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    General introduction

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    Dear student, welcome to the module of Veterinary therapeutics (VET 3221).

    This module consists of two components including chemotherapy and anesthesiology and it is taught to Level 3 veterinary students.

    Learning outcomes :

    At the end of this module, you should be able to :

    1. Classify different drugs used in chemotherapy of various infections, infestations, neoplastic and immune-related diseases and those used to achieve anaesthesia;

    2. Describe the mechanisms of action and side effects regarding chemotherapeutic agents and pharmaceutical agents used to achieve anaesthesia;

    3. Understand strategies designed to combat antibiotic & antiparasitic drug resistance;

    4. Explain anaesthesia and safe use of the various anaesthetics in veterinary practice.

    Facilitators and their contacts:

    Pie NTAMPAKA BVM, MVSc (Module leader)

    Tel : +250788512536

    Email address: p.ntampaka@ur.ac.rw

    Jean Claude MANIRAMBONA, DVM, PhD

    Tel : +250792104867

    Email address: manjeckad@yahoo.fr

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    Module description page

    • Storyboard_Veterinary therapeutics File PDF
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      Storyboard is a planning document that shows how the module content will be structured (unit per unit and step-by-step). It is a brief description of all steps that you will go through during the determined period of teaching.

      468.9 KB
    • Module development template_Veterinary therapeutics File PDF
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      The template describes the module and how it will be delivered, however, it is NOT a list of things that students (or teachers) will do rather it is a detailed description of the process.

      968.0 KB
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    Unit 1 : Chemotherapy

    This unit introduces you to different chemotherapeutic agents that are used for treating or controlling tropical infections and infestations. It also introduces you to anti-neoplastic drugs and immunomodulators. Emphasis will be put on various groups of drugs, their mechanisms of action, selective toxicities, therapeutic uses, adverse effects, and drug resistance mechanisms.

    At the end of this unit, you should be able (learning outcomes) to :

    1. Classify different drugs used in chemotherapy of various infections, infestations, neoplastic, and immune-related diseases;
    2. Describe the mechanisms of action and unwanted effects of different drugs used in chemotherapy and immunotherapy;
    3. Select chemotherapeutic drugs to be used based on occurring infections, infestations, neoplastic, and immune-related diseases;
    4. Understand strategies designed to combat antibiotic, anthelminthic and acaricide resistance.

    Facilitator : Pie Ntampaka BVM, MVSc

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    Chapter 2: Antibacterials

    Some antibiotics are mainly effective against bacteria and include :

    • Drugs that inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis or desorganise its structure 
    • Drugs that inhibit protein synthesis through binding to 30S or 50S sub-units of ribosomes
    • Drugs that inhibit DNA replication
    • Drugs that inhibit RNA synthesis
    • Antimetabolites (disruption of specific biochemichal reactions)
    • Lecture notes File PDF
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      872.1 KB
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    Chapter 3: Antifungal and Antiviral Drugs

    • Antifungals (classes, mechanisms of action, indications, side effects)
    • Antivirals (classes, mechanisms of action, indications, side effects)
    • Alternatives to antimicrobials (probiotics, vaccines, etc)
    • Lecture notes File PDF
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      458.2 KB
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    Chapter 4: Chemotherapy of Parasitic Diseases

    • Anthelminthics (nematodicidal drugs, anti-cestode & anti-trematode drugs)
    • Antiprotozoal drugs
    • Ectoparasiticides (acaricides)
    • Lecture notes File PDF
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      1.1 MB
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    Chapter 5: Antineoplastic drugs & immunomodulators

    • Drug therapies for cancer
    • Combination cancer therapies
    • Antineoplastic drugs (classes, mechanisms of action, indications)
    • Side effects associated with antineoplastic drugs
    • Immunosuppresants (myelotoxic agents, glucocorticoids, calcineurin inhibitors, inhibitors of cytokine and growth factor action & leflunomide analogs)
    • Immunostimulants (e.g. cimetidine, levamisole, cell wall extract of a non-pathogenic strain of Mycobacterium bovis (Bacille Calmette-Guérin), extracts of Serratia marcescens, etc)
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    Chapter 6. Antiseptics and Disinfectants

    • Properties of  an ideal disinfectant/antiseptic
    • Factors affecting efficacy of disinfectants/antiseptics
    • Types of disinfectants/antiseptics (phenolic compounds, halogens, alcohols, aldehydes, gases, surface active agents, oxidizing agents, dyes, heavy metals, acids and alkalis) & their uses in veterinary medicine
    • Monitoring efficacy of disinfectants/antiseptics
    • Lecture notes on antiseptics and disinfectants File PDF
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      572.5 KB
    • Additional reading 1 File PDF
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      This journal article focuses on acaricide resistance in cattle ticks and approaches to its management

      619.6 KB
    • Additional reading 2 File PDF
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      A journal article dealing with the use of antimicrobials in beekeeping

      284.4 KB
    • Additional reading 3 File PDF
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      A journal article discussing vaccines as alternatives to antibiotics

      1.0 MB
    • Additional reading 4 File PDF
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      A book on antimicrobial therapy in veterinary medicine

      6.3 MB
    • E-tivity 1.1.1 Page
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      This E-tivity will help you understand good practices of the use of drugs

    • E-tivity 1.3.1 Page
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      This E-tivity will help you understand what antibiotic resistance is and how to manage it?

    • E-tivity 1.3.2 Page
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      This E-tivity will help you to understand what anthelmintics resistance is and how to overcome it?

    • E-tivity 1.3.3 Page
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      This E-tivity aims at providing you with information on acaricide resistance in cattle ticks and approaches to its management.

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    Unit 2 : Veterinary Anesthetics

    This component will introduce students to the history of anesthesia, the various techniques of anesthesia, the various pharmacological substances used to safely achieve analgesia and anesthesia in veterinary practice. The component introduces the students to the technical aspect of using anesthetics when conducting a humane euthanasia in pets and birds. At the end of this Unit, you will be able to; 

    - Explain the history of anesthesia and teh various anesthetic techniques used in veterinary practice

    - Describe the various activities carried out during pre, peri or post anesthetic care and identify the basic equipments required to undertake safe anesthesia

    - Describe the various pharmacological substances used for analgesia, sedation and other pre-medications of veterinary importance

    - Explain the various pharmacological substances used for intravenous and inhalant anesthesia and how to safely use them in veterinary practice

    - Describe the various pharmacological substances used for local anesthesia and how to safely use them

    - Explain how to safely use anesthetics for humane euthanasia in small animals and Birds

    The unit facilitated by Denis MAJYAMBERE (BVM, MGHD)

    • Facilitator Lecture Slides File PDF
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      This is the tool to guide the lecturer for successful delivery of the unit

      1.2 MB
    • Reading 1 File PDF
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      Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia by William J. Tranquilli- John C. Thurmon and Kurt A. Grimm

      34.2 MB
    • Reading 2 File PDF
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      Guidelines to physical examination in Cats and Dogs. Brief notes by Dr Denis MAJYAMBERE 

      245.8 KB
    • Reading 3 File PDF
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      Kraus B., 2017. Anesthesia and Analgesia for the Veterinary Practitioner of Canine and Feline. ISBN: 978-0-9743262-7-6

      3.4 MB
    • 7 steps of Problem Based Learning File PDF
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      Using these steps, students are guided on how to solve a case study/ challenge/ assignment in a collaborative approach.

      119.5 KB
    • Student Evaluation form 1 File PDF
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      Individual in-session presentation

      23.6 KB
    • Student Evaluation form 2 File PDF
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      Group Report and Presentation

      23.8 KB
    • Reading 4 File PDF
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      Reading 4- Plumb DC. Plumb‟s Veterinary Drug Handbook. 5th edition. Iowa: Blackwell publishing, 2005

      16.0 MB
    • Reading 5 File PDF
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      BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Anesthesia and Analgesia 3rd edition 2016. ISBN 978 1 905319 61 9

      31.6 MB
    • General Anesthesia URL
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      A brief video showing a vet administering general anesthesia in a dog

    • Regional Anesthesia/ Nerve Block URL
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      Nerve Blocks for Oral Surgery for Dogs and Cats

    • Local Anesthesia URL
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      The video introduces students to the basic concepts of local anesthesia